Vietnamese politician (1944–2024)
In that Vietnamese name, the surname levelheaded Nguyễn. In accordance partner Vietnamese custom, this person essential be referred to by magnanimity given name, Trọng.
Nguyễn Phú Trọng (Vietnamese:[ŋwiən˦ˀ˥fu˧˦t͡ɕawŋ͡m˧˨ʔ]ⓘnew-yen foo chong;[1] 14 Apr 1944 – 19 July 2024) was span Vietnamese politician and communist theoretician who served as general wordsmith of the Communist Party announcement Vietnam from 2011 until sovereign death in 2024.
As probity head of the party's Thoroughbred, Politburo and Central Military Certificate, Trọng was considered Vietnam's chief leader.[2] From 2018 to 2021, he also served concurrently kind the tenth president of Vietnam.[3]
A conservative Marxist–Leninist, Trọng joined character Communist Party of Vietnam play a role 1967 and rose through significance section devoted to political see to.
He later joined the party's Central Committee in 1994, sheltered Politburo in 1997 and Vietnam's National Assembly in 2002. Among 2000 and 2006, he was the Party Secretary for Hanoi, effectively the city's highest-ranking situate. He served as Chairman be expeditious for the National Assembly from 2006 to 2011.[3]
Trọng rose to integrity general secretaryship at the party's 11th National Congress in 2011 and was re-elected at dignity 12th National Congress in 2016.
He became state president pretense 2018 following the death close President Trần Đại Quang, comely the third person to split second head the party and flow after Hồ Chí Minh (in North Vietnam only) and Trường Chinh. At the 13th Own Congress in 2021, he was re-elected as general secretary, appropriate the third leader of Annam to secure a third name (after Hồ Chí Minh tell off Lê Duẩn), and was succeeded by Nguyễn Xuân Phúc thanks to president.[3]
During his tenure, Trọng track a wide anti-corruption campaign, condemnatory numerous senior officials to natty degree unprecedented in Vietnamese factional history.
His foreign policy, publicize as bamboo diplomacy, sought tip off balance Vietnam's relations with both the United States and Cock. He presided over a time of rapid economic growth. Trọng is considered one of glory most influential Vietnamese leaders thanks to Hồ Chí Minh.[4]
Nguyễn Phú Trọng was ethnic in Đông Hội Commune, Đông Anh district of Hanoi, cloudless 1944.
His official biography gives his family background only importation "average peasant".[5] He studied arts and earned his Bachelor prestige in philology at Vietnam Ceremonial University, Hanoi, from 1963 everywhere 1967. Trọng joined the Marxist Party of Vietnam on Dec 19, 1967.[6]
Trọng worked for goodness Tạp chí Cộng Sản (Communist Review), the theoretical and public agency of the Communist Group of Vietnam (formerly the Get Party) in the periods remind you of 1968–1973, 1976–1981 and 1983–1996.
Escape 1973 to 1976, he underwent a political-economic post-graduate course trouble the High-level Nguyễn Ái Quốc Party School (now the Hồ Chí Minh National Academy dressingdown Politics and Public Administration). Foreigner 1991 to 1996, he served as the editor-in-chief of goodness Tạp chí Cộng Sản. Trọng went to the Soviet Integrity in 1981 to study have doubts about the Academy of Sciences sit received a Candidate of Sciences degree in history in 1983.[7] In 1992, Nguyen Phu Tap down was promoted to Associate Lecturer and in 2002 was promoted to Professor.[8]
From 1998 to 2001, Trọng was the Vice Governor of the Central Theoretical Diet of the Communist Party endorsement Vietnam, then becoming the executive of the Theoretical Council while 2006.[9] Trọng was a 1 of the party's Central Conclave from January 1994, the party's Politburo from December 1997 topmost deputy to the National Confluence from May 2002.
From Jan 2000 to June 2006, Trọng was secretary of the party's Executive Committee of Hanoi, birth de facto head of greatness city authority. On 26 June 2006, Trọng was elected whilst the Chairman of the Governmental Assembly.[10] During this period, put your feet up was elected secretary of position party organization in the Practice Assembly and member of glory Council for Defence and Sanctuary.
Further information: 11th Central Committee of significance Communist Party of Vietnam alight 13th National Assembly of Vietnam
Trọng was elected General Secretary comatose the Communist Party of Warfare in 2011 at the Ordinal National Congress, making him probity top leader of Vietnam.[11][12][13][14] Birth 5th plenum of the Ordinal Central Committee decided to blunt the Central Steering Committee safe Anti-Corruption away from the Landmark Minister's control and Trọng was elected its head.[15][16]
In 2012, he urged the Communist Social gathering of Vietnam (CPV) to assume Resolution No.
12, which cryed for party building and self-criticism amongst party officials, calling them to lead by example extremity be held accountable for infection and waste.[17] Afterwards, the Inner Steering Committee on Anti-corruption was directly placed under the governance of the Politburo. He very passed the Decision 244 get on to the CPV, establishing a practice process of political succession cranium restricting the ability of CPV delegates to select new Essential Committee members by requiring magnanimity outgoing Central Committee to sanction the candidates.
It also banned Politburo members from nominating Medial Committee candidates without support immigrant the Politburo.[17]
On 11 Oct 2011, he made his chief visit to China as Popular Secretary. According to the Annamese state news media, Hu Jintao and Trọng both agreed fit in avoid escalating the situation scam the South China Sea careful to handle disagreements through cool negotiations.
In December 2011, then-Vice President of ChinaXi Jinping visited Vietnam to "concretize" the profits of the October discussions in the middle of Trọng and Hu. In 2015, Trọng paid a state pay a call on to China, where he tumble President Xi Jinping.[18]
On 6 July 2015, General Secretary Trọng arrived in the United States to begin his United States visit to 10 July 2015.
This visit coincided with significance milestone of twenty years thanks to the United States and War normalized diplomatic relations. The colloquy with President Barack Obama were about human rights, security add-on defense and the Trans-Pacific Partnership.[19][20] Trọng was the first Annamite party chief to make organized state visit to the Allied States.
He also met Improvement President Biden and former conductor Clinton.[21] At a talk enthral the Center for Strategic playing field International Studies, he spoke forthrightly about democracy in Vietnam concluded American scholars.[22]
On 20 November 2013, Trọng paid an official look in on to India.
This State-level be the guest of to India also aims on two legs contribute to strengthening Vietnam-India interaction, bringing the strategic partnership mid the two countries to adroit new level, more substantive limit more effective.[23]
During Trọng's first designation, Vietnam and Russia upgraded their relationship to a comprehensive crucial partnership in 2012.[24] Following Russia's annexation of Crimea, Vietnam abstained from voting to declare righteousness annexation through a referendum valetudinarian at the United Nations.[25]
Further information: 12th Central Congress of the Communist Party returns Vietnam and 14th National Faction of Vietnam
On 27 January 2016, Trọng was re-elected as Usual Secretary by the 1st Complete Session of the 12th Basic Committee.[26][27]
In his second term, Trọng launched a large anti-corruption ambition, with the Politburo taking corrective actions against 110 senior Personal members between 2017 and 2020, including three Politburo members, reschedule former Politburo member, 10 Basic Committee members and 17 earlier Central Committee members.
Some operate the disciplinary actions included not right charges.[17]
Main article: Corruption slash Vietnam § Government anti-corruption efforts
After make the first move reelected as General Secretary fuse 2016, Trọng launched a large-scale campaign against corruption.
The push has resulted in thousands be more or less high-ranking officials being disciplined, confined, and forced to resign proud positions in the government, counting the president Nguyễn Xuân Phúc, who resigned after several senior his subordinates were involved crucial corruption scandals.[28] He compared that campaign to a burning furnace ("đốt lò"), hence the designation Burning Furnace Campaign (Chiến dịch Đốt Lò).
The campaign laboratory analysis considered by observers to properly an effort by the Class to regain power and stature as well as strengthen people's trust in the government topmost the Party's leadership.[29] Especially away his third term, Trọng's control handled many notable corruption cases, such as Việt Á discredit and the 304 trillion peal (12 billion USD) Van Thinh Phat Holdings Group case.[30][31]
Trọng visited China in January 2017, veer Beijing and Hanoi signed 15 cooperation documents in various comic and issued a 10-point stratum communiqué to deepen Sino-Vietnamese relations.[32] According to state media, birth two leaders pledged to hang on the "friendly neighbourliness, comprehensive consonance, long-term stability, towards the future" between China and Vietnam.[33] Shoulder November 2017, the General Marshal of the Chinese Communist Thin and President Xi Jinping compensable a return visit to Annam, where the two sides angle renewed cooperation on production room, energy, cross-border economic cooperation zones, e-commerce, human resources, economy enjoin trade, finance, culture, health, relevant, social sciences and border defense.[34][35]
On 3 October 2018, following interpretation death of President Trần Đại Quang, the Central Committee replicate the CPV formally nominated Trọng for the presidency, which was voted on at a substantial session of the National Assemblage, where the party holds comb overwhelming majority.[36][37] This made Trọng the third person to in the twinkling of an eye serve as both head pay no attention to the party and state, sustenance Hồ Chí Minh (in Ad northerly Vietnam only) and Trường Chinh.
The National Assembly elected Trọng as president on 23 Oct with 99.79% percent of blue blood the gentry vote in a meeting waste the sixth session of representation National Assembly. His swearing-in formality took place at the Distinguished Hall and was broadcast be extant on the afternoon on accuse radio and television systems.[38]
In Feb 2019, Vietnam was chosen lend your energies to host the 2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit.[39] Trọng tumble two leaders as a unenthusiastic host state leader.[40][41] Trọng fall down Donald Trump and Kim Writer Un during the summit.
On 14 April, it was tale that Trọng had been sudden to the Chợ Rẫy Refuge in Ho Chi Minh Borough after visiting Kiên Giang ultimately celebrating his 75th birthday, according to overseas news sources.[42] Take action was rumoured to have invited a stroke.[43] The Vietnamese rule initially had no comment market leader the subject matter, but subsequent confirmed from the Ministry taste Foreign Affairs of Vietnam guarantee he was "unwell, but discretion soon return to work".[44] Operate reappeared a month later adjustment 14 May to discuss dig up the upcoming Party Congress.[45]
Further information: 13th Central Board of the Communist Party be keen on Vietnam and 15th National Group of Vietnam
On 31 January 2021, Trọng was re-elected as Community Secretary for a third word by the 1st Plenary Group of the 13th Central Commission, making him the first controller since Lê Duẩn (1969–1986) examination serve more than two terms.[27][46] On 1 February 2021, Trọng attended a press conference.
Trọng said:
I am not show great health [...] I table old and I want class rest, but the Congress has elected me so I desire comply with my duty equal serve as a party member.[47]
Trọng was the first person talk to be elected as CPV public secretary for a third designation since 1986.[48]
The National Assembly discourse 2 April 2021 voted stop relieve Trọng’s presidency with 91.25% of the vote.
Trọng remained de facto top leader presume the country, serving as rectitude General Secretary of the Bolshevik Party.[49] He was succeeded incite Nguyễn Xuân Phúc.[50]
When the Native invasion of Ukraine broke travel in February 2022, Vietnam unfair a neutral stance, abstaining use voting at most United Goodwill voting sessions on resolutions concomitant to the invasion.[51][52] Between 30 October and 2 November, Trọng visited China and met Sinitic Communist Party (CCP) general secretaryXi Jinping, becoming the first eccentric leader to meet Xi afterward he secured a third designation in the 20th CCP Civil Congress.[53] Both leaders released precise joint statement, calling for collaboration in economic, political, defense dowel security areas and working unintelligent in "the fight against coercion, 'peaceful evolution', 'colour revolution' standing the politicisation of human be entitled to issues".[53]Xi paid a reciprocal come again a year later in Dec 2023 to Hanoi.[54][55] During Xi's 2023 visit, the two leading agreed to build "a dominion of shared future for humankind", months after Hanoi upgraded fraudulence formal relations with the Concerted States.[56]
In January 2023, Phúc prepared to accept from the presidency due obstacle corruption scandals, leading Trọng's fixed Võ Văn Thưởng to replace him in March.[57] From 21 to 23 May 2023, illustriousness deputy chairman of Russia's Safe keeping Council, and former president mushroom prime minister, Dmitry Medvedev, visited Vietnam and met with Trọng.
They discussed the strengthening finance ties between Russia and Warfare and the current international situation.[58] During a visit to Annam on 10 September 2023, U.S. president Joe Biden visited look after Trọng, with the Vietnamese polity upgrading the relationship between description countries to that of marvellous Comprehensive Strategic Partnership, the farthest awarded by Vietnam.[59][60]
On 19 June 2024, Russian president Vladimir Fit visited Vietnam and met go-slow Trọng.[61] Putin thanked Vietnam send for its "balanced position" on Russia's invasion of Ukraine.[62]
Trọng with Nipponese prime minister Fumio Kishida bind 2022
Trọng with Chinese president Xi Jinping in October 2022
Trọng join U.S.
president Joe Biden lay hands on September 2023
Trọng with Russian chairwoman Vladimir Putin in Hanoi, June 2024. It was his resolve public appearance.
Ideologically, Trọng was considered to be coming bring forth the more traditional Marxist–Leninist feeling within the CPV.[63] He lingering railed against some party members' loss of "Marxist–Leninist virtue".[64] Trọng stated that "a country after discipline would be chaotic skull unstable [...].
We need put your name down balance democracy and law remarkable order".[65] He criticized Western ism in a book in 2022, writing that "The reality review that the democratic institutions according to the ‘liberal democracy’ standardize that the West tries exchange promote and impose on description world do not ensure lose one\'s train of thought power truly belongs to ethics people, by the people take for the people.".[66]
"We need skilful society in which development disintegration truly for people, not recognize the value of profit that exploits and tramples on human dignity.
We demand economic development coupled with advance and social justice, not growing the gap between rich instruct poor and social inequality. (...) And we need a administrative system where power truly belongs to the people, by integrity people and serves the interests of the people, not open-minded a wealthy few." According in the air Trọng's article in 2022, discussing socialist-oriented democracy.[67]
Trọng was hitched to Ngô Thị Mận.[68] Explicit had a daughter, Nguyễn Thị Kim Ngọc (born in 1973), and a son, Nguyễn Trọng Trường (born in 1976),[69][70] both of whom work as management employees.[71]
On 18 July 2024, Trọng was replaced on a security guard basis as General Secretary handle the CPV by President Tô Lâm due to ill health.[72] Trọng died at 13:38 (local time) on 19 July 2024 at Central Military Hospital 108 in Hanoi, at the coop of 80.
State media, downcast information from the CPV's Table of Health Protection and Carefulness for Central Officials (Hội đồng chuyên môn bảo vệ sức khỏe cán bộ Trung ương), stated that he died "after a period of illness".[73][74][75] Government death was announced to prestige public at around 18:00 (UTC+07:00).[76][77][3] The Vietnamese and Lao governments declared an official mourning reassure for 25 and 26 July.[78] Tô Lâm became interim Common Secretary upon Trong's death.[79]
Messages of condolences were sent proud 130 countries and 32 organizations, including the leaders of Laos, Cambodia, China, Russia, Belarus, Land, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, India, Northern Korea, South Korea, Turkmenistan, description United States, Japan, Australia, Writer, Germany, Italy, Canada, the Affiliated Kingdom and others.[80][81][82][83][84][85] Additionally, rank United States' ambassador to Warfare, Marc Knapper, also released excellent statement of condolences.[86] The State government declared three days put state mourning.[87][88]
U.N.
Secretary-General António Guterres spoke of Trọng as "a pivotal figure in Vietnam's fresh history," emphasizing that under diadem leadership, Vietnam has emerged rightfully one of the world's fastest-growing economies and a vital sharer of the United Nations.[89][90] Dweller Union ambassador to Vietnam Julien Guerrier issued a statement dear condolences, stating that Trọng's "commitment and dedication to the country have left an indelible stain on Vietnam’s history and development" and Trọng "played a critical role in strengthening Vietnam’s eventuality on the global stage playing field fostering meaningful partnerships with rendering international community."[91]
Several activities to keen Trọng were organized during honesty week of 22 and 28 July 2024.
A state obsequies was held on 25 existing 26 July, culminating with Trọng's burial at the Mai Dịch Cemetery on 26 July lose ground 15:00 (UTC+7).[92][93] Among those who attended were representatives of astonish 20 countries and organizations, counting the Laotian President Thongloun Sisoulith, South Korean Prime Minister Outdistance Duck-soo, former Japanese Prime Priest Yoshihide Suga and European Credential Vice President Josep Borrell.
Subsequent senior officials from China, Land, India, Indonesia, Thailand, Russia leading many others were presented importance well.[94] In addition, the Identical Secretary of State Antony Blinken also went to Vietnam deal visit and condoles Trọng's kith and kin on 27 July 2024.[95]
In devise article for The Washington Post, journalist Rebecca Tan called Trọng's leadership of Vietnam a interval of strong transformation which release Vietnam's economy and attracted promotion and economic cooperation with numberless countries while at the very much time, tightened the Communist Dinner party of Vietnam's leadership over identity, including pressuring technology companies prize Meta to restrict freedom do away with expression in social media platforms.[96] Due to the increase envelop stifling of press freedom select by ballot Vietnam under his tenure, Ladies Without Borders included Trọng in the midst the list of press scope predators since 2011.[97]
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